(Headline USA) When Texas Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick asked colleges to disavow Critical Race Theory, the University of Texas faculty approved a resolution defending their freedom to decide for themselves how to teach about race.
Patrick said he took it as a message to “go to hell.”
In turn, Patrick, a Republican, said it was time to consider holding the faculty accountable, by targeting one of the top perks of their jobs.
“Maybe we need to look at tenure,” Patrick said at a news conference in November.
It’s a sentiment being echoed by conservative officials in red states across the country who see colleges—long a stronghold of leftist thought—having fully crossed the Rubicon into becoming glorified state-funded indoctrination centers where conservative thought is not only scorned but actively censored and suppressed while left-wing radicalism and Marxist sentiment flourish.
The indefinite academic appointments that come with tenure—the holy grail of university employment—have faced review from lawmakers or state oversight boards in at least half a dozen states, often presented as bids to rein in academics with radical views.
Tenure advocates are bracing for the possibility of new threats as lawmakers return to statehouses around the country.
The trend reflects how conservative scrutiny of instruction related to race, gender and sexuality has extended from schools to higher education. But budget considerations also play a role.
Tenured faculty numbers have been declining even in bluel states. Universities are hiring more part-time, adjunct instructors amid declines in financial support from state governments.
Traditionally, tenured professors can be terminated only under extreme circumstances, such as professional misconduct or a financial emergency. Advocates for tenure say it is a crucial component of academic freedom—especially as controversy grows over scholarly discussions about history and identity.
Without tenure, faculty are “liable to play it safe when it comes time to have a classroom discussion about a difficult topic,” said Irene Mulvey, president of the American Association of University Professors.
But in difficult financial and political times, even tenured professors may not be guaranteed employment.
In Kansas, Emporia State University this fall cut 33 faculty—most of them tenured—using an emergency pandemic measure that allowed universities to bypass policies on staff terminations to balance budgets.
Max McCoy, Emporia State’s sole journalism professor, penned a column that began, “I may be fired for writing this”—before learning this would be his last year teaching at the school.
“This is a purge,” he said. He said all the fired professors were “Democrats or liberal in our thinking.”
Emporia State spokesperson Gwen Larson said individual professors were not targeted for dismissal. She said the cuts followed a review of how demand for academic programs is changing and “where we needed to move in the future.
But nationwide, studies have shown it is leftist academics who have become brazen and susceptible to groupthink while conservative-leaning teachers are a rarity.
In 2020, college professors giving to Democrats outnumbered those giving to Republicans by a 95 to 1 ratio reported the College Fix.
In terms of political self-identification, the number remains a staggering 10 to 1 ratio, according to a separate 2018 study, as reported by the Washington Examiner.
The share of Republicans and independent-leaning Republicans who said higher education was having a negative effect on the country grew from 37% to 59% from 2015 to 2019 in Pew Research Center polling.
In Texas, university administrators are working behind the scenes to squash anticipated legislation that would target tenure, fearful it will hurt recruitment, said Jeff Blodgett, president of the Texas Conference of AAUP.
Some people already aren’t applying for university jobs because of the discussions, said Pat Heintzelman, president of the Texas Faculty Association.
But that has long been the case for prospective conservatives in academia, who feared that an idealogical litmus test by left-leaning administrations would result in a career-stunting stigma and opted instead to seek their livelihood elsewhere.
“If anything, it’s created more of an intellectual orthodoxy where people that have dissenting views, it’s harder for them to be tenured in the first place,” Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis said at a news conference in April.
Students, too, have often complained of persecution from radical professors—many of them tenured—who lack accountability but can punish those who remain part of their captive audience.
Groups like the Student Free Press Association (which runs the College Fix), the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression, Turning Point USA and the Young America’s Foundation all have spung from such concerns over the lopsided double-standards of academic freedom on campuses.
But none may be as effective in advocating for change as the elected officials who hold the purse strings.
In Florida, DeSantis signed the “Stop-WOKE” Act, which restricts certain race-based conversations and analysis in colleges. Compliance with the law would be part of the criteria for evaluating tenured professors under a review process that the university system’s Board of Governors is weighing.
Although a federal judge blocked the law from going forward in November, the governor’s office is appealing the injunction.
In Louisiana, lawmakers set up a task force to study tenure with the Republican-backed resolution noting that students should be confident that courses are free of “political, ideological, religious, or antireligious indoctrination.” Professors raised concerns until they learned the task force’s members were mostly tenure supporters.
In Georgia, the state’s Board of Regents approved a policy that made it easier to remove tenured faculty who have had a negative performance review. Elsewhere, legislation to ban or restrict tenure also has been introduced in recent years in Iowa, South Carolina and Mississippi, but failed to win passage.
The pushback follows decades of declining rates of tenured faculty. According to the AAUP, 24% of faculty members held full-time tenured appointments in fall 2020, compared with 39% in fall 1987, the first year for which directly comparable information is available.
Part-time college instructors rarely receive benefits. They frequently must travel from campus to campus to cobble together a living.
“It’s a nightmare,” said Caprice Lawless, who wrote the Adjunct Cookbook, replete with recipes that poorly compensated Ph.D.s can cobble together with food pantry staples.
“I’ve taken Ph.D.s to foodbanks and watched them cry because they can’t get enough food for their family,” said Lawless, who said she served as a social worker of sorts before retiring two years ago from Front Range Community College in Westminster, Colorado.
The opposition to tenure has united conservatives for different reasons: Not all share the same concerns about “woke higher education,” said Marc Stein, a San Francisco State University history professor, who has written about the shift to part-time faculty.
“But,” he said, “if you attack the ‘wokeness’ of higher education and that leads to declining funding for higher education, then economic conservatives are happy.”
Tenure exploded after World War II when it helped with recruitment as the GI Bill sent enrollment soaring, said Sol Gittleman, a former provost of Tufts University who has written on the issue.
Lately, the country has overproduced Ph.D.s, said Gittleman, who predicts tenure will largely disappear in the coming decades outside the top 100 colleges and universities.
“Critical race theory—that’s an excuse,” he said. “If there was a shortage of faculty, you wouldn’t hear that.”
Adapted from reporting by the Associated Press
